Diabetes mellitus is a chronic medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide

, the number of people living with diabetes has increased dramatically over the past few decades, with an estimated 422 million adults suffering from the condition.

Diabetes is a disease that can be managed effectively with proper medical care, lifestyle changes, and medication. However, 

when diabetes is not managed correctly, it can lead to a host of complications that can be life-threatening

In this article, we will explore the complications associated with poorly managed diabetes mellitus, both in the short and long term and discuss the importance of early detection and effective management.

Short-Term Complications of Poorly Managed Diabetes Mellitus

 occurs when blood glucose levels drop below normal levels, typically 

. Hypoglycemia can be a result of poor diabetes management and can lead to a range of symptoms, including sweating, dizziness, shaking, and confusion. If hypoglycemia is left untreated, it can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even death.

 is a severe complication that occurs when 

, and the body begins to break down fat for energy. This process leads to the buildup of ketones in the blood, which can cause the blood to become acidic, leading to a range of symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath. DKA is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention.

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)

blood glucose levels rise to dangerously high levels

. The body attempts to remove excess glucose from the blood by urinating, leading to dehydration. Symptoms of HHS include extreme thirst, frequent urination, confusion, and seizures. HHS is a medical emergency and requires immediate medical attention.

Long-Term Complications of Poorly Managed Diabetes Mellitus

 is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus that occurs when 

 throughout the body. Symptoms of neuropathy include numbness, tingling, and burning sensations in the hands and feet. Over time, neuropathy can lead to severe nerve damage, making it difficult for individuals to sense hot and cold temperatures, making it challenging to detect injuries or infections.

 is a complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the kidneys, causing them to function poorly. Over time, 

high blood glucose levels can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys

, leading to kidney disease. Symptoms of nephropathy include swelling in the feet and ankles, decreased urine output, and fatigue. If left untreated, nephropathy can lead to kidney failure.

 is a complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the eyes, 

. High blood glucose levels can damage the blood vessels in the retina, leading to a range of symptoms, including blurred vision, floaters, and even complete loss of vision. If left untreated, retinopathy can lead to severe vision loss or blindness.

Cardiovascular disease is a long-term complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the heart and blood vessels. Over time, high blood glucose levels can damage the blood vessels, leading to a 

, which can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. Symptoms of cardiovascular disease include chest pain, shortness of breath, and numbness or weakness in the limbs.

Individuals with poorly managed diabetes mellitus are at 

an increased risk of developing infections

, as high blood glucose levels can weaken the immune system. Infections can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, urinary tract, and lungs. Symptoms of infections may include fever, chills, fatigue, and pain.

Individuals with poorly managed diabetes mellitus may be at an increased risk of developing depression, a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and worthlessness. 

Depression can make it challenging to manage diabetes effectively

, leading to a vicious cycle of poor diabetes control and worsening depression symptoms.

Importance of Early Detection and Effective Management of Diabetes Mellitus

While the complications associated with poorly managed diabetes mellitus can be severe, they can be prevented or delayed through early detection and effective management. Individuals with diabetes mellitus should work closely with their healthcare providers to develop a treatment plan that includes regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and appropriate medication.

9 Complications of Poorly Managed Diabetes Mellitus